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Other pages on penile anatomy
& circumcision
Penile
anatomy & circumcision 1 Other pages on this site
The-penis.com - home page
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Functions of the foreskin This diagram of the intact or uncircumcised penis will help you to understand the list of functions described on this page: The following is a list of the known functions of the natural (intact) foreskin. With circumcision, most or all of these functions are lost. Depending on the severity of the circumcision, foreskin restoration can restore some of these functions, at least in part. From this list, you can see that the foreskin is not just an extra piece of skin. It is a highly specialized part of an important organ. It's the desire to regain at least some of these functions that motivates men to spend time and effort in restoring their foreskins.Protection If unfolded and spread out flat, the average adult foreskin (which comprises 50% or more of the mobile skin system of the average penis), would measure more than 15 square inches - the size of a 3 x 5-inch index card. This highly specialized tissue normally covers the glans like an eyelid covers the eye, protecting it from abrasion, drying, callusing (keratinization), and contamination of all kinds. Sensitivity Discovered in 1996, the ridged band of the inner foreskin is a half-inch wide band of soft, irregular, accordion-like corrugations which make up the most intensely innervated erogenous zone on the male body. It is thought to control and trigger the male orgasm. The loss of this densely innervated, sexually reactive, and pleasure-producing foreskin tissue reduces the full range and intensity of a man's sexuality. Pleasure The foreskin's "gliding action" facilitates smooth, easy, pleasurable movements for a man and his partner during masturbation or vaginal thrusting. Without this remarkable gliding action, sex as nature intended it is impossible, and the corona of the surgically altered penis malfunctions as a one-way valve, scraping natural vaginal lubricants out and making artificial lubricants essential for mutually pleasurable intercourse. Specialized erogenous nerve receptors The foreskin contains thousands of coiled fine-touch mechano-receptors. Altogether, the foreskin contains between 10,000 and 20,000 specialized pleasure-producing nerve endings of many types, which can feel the slightest movement, pressure, stretch, changes in temperature, and nuances of texture. All these are lost on circumcision. The frenulum The frenulum, a highly erogenous V-shaped web-like tethering structure on the underside of the glans, is generally either lost along with the foreskin or severed during circumcision. In either case, its subtle and important mechanical function and its capacity for giving pleasure are destroyed. The frenulum forms two sides of the area called the frenular delta, which is the most intensely innervated part of the ridged band. The frenulum naturally pulls the foreskin over the glans when the penis is non-erect. (There are other frenulum-like structures in other parts of the body which also help mechanical positioning: inside the upper lip, and under the tongue.) The “sweet spot” just below the “V” on the bottom side of the glans for circumcised men, is actually the small remnant left after the frenulum was cut and destroyed during circumcision. Temperature-responsive tissue The foreskin contains more than half of a man's temperature-responsive peripenic smooth muscle sheath called the dartos fascia, which is thought to play a part in maintaining the scrotum at the ideal temperature for sperm production. Immunological secretions The smooth mucosa of the inner foreskin produces both plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin antibodies, and antibacterial and antiviral proteins such as the pathogen-killing enzyme lysozyme. Lymphatic vessels The foreskin contains lymphatic vessels in which lymph flows within the genital area. This enhances the protection of body's natural immune system, and probably also affects immunological secretions. Estrogen receptors The foreskin contains estrogen receptors. Their biological/sexual purpose is not understood and needs further study. Apocrine glands The apocrine glands of the inner foreskin secrete pheromones, nature's powerful, silent, invisible behavioral signals to potential sexual partners. We know their effects on human sexuality can be profound. Immune-protective cells The specialized epithelial cells of the foreskin are the first-line element in the body's natural immune system in a whole penis The development of a normal glans and inner foreskin The connective tissue which protectively fuses the natural foreskin and glans together while a young boy's penis develops prior to puberty, is ripped apart during circumcision, damaging the glans and the foreskin remnant, leaving them raw and subject to infection, scarring, pitting, shrinkage, and eventual discoloration. This compares to the natural state of the undamaged glans, with its healthy pink to red to dark purple natural coloration. Unobstructed full penile extension The foreskin permits full extension during erections, and provides unobstructed natural penis length and penis circumference. This extension occurs because of the double-layered wrapping of loose and usually overhanging foreskin. Loss of half of the skin on the penis tends to make the shaft skin very tight during erections, tending to pull it inward to the body. Most men who have restored report seeing some increase in length and girth. Natural full penile blood flow The loss of the rich vascularity of penile blood vessels, including the frenular artery and branches of the dorsal artery, interrupts normal blood flow to the shaft and glans of the penis, altering development of the penis and damaging its natural function. This list, slightly modified, is thanks to Gary L. Harryman, 2004
See also Robin Stuart's site at
http://www.male-initiation.net/myths.html This discusses statistics, ridged
band, frenulum, and foreskin function. |
